Arborvitae: How to Plant and Care for a Thriving Hedge

Growing up in the Pacific Northwest, I remember the lush green privacy screens. They seemed to define neighborhood boundaries. These magnificent evergreen trees, known as arborvitae, were more than plants. They were living landscapes that whispered stories of landscape design and natural beauty.

Arborvitae, a versatile evergreen tree in the Thuja family, offers homeowners a great solution. They create stunning ornamental shrubs that provide privacy, wind protection, and year-round beauty. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a landscape design novice, these trees can transform your outdoor space. They do this with their elegant structure and dense foliage.

Native to North America, these coniferous trees have become very popular. They are known for their adaptability and ease of care. Arborvitae trees bring both functionality and aesthetic charm to your garden. They can create natural privacy screens and serve as decorative landscape elements.

Key Takeaways

• Arborvitae can grow in USDA zones 2 through 8
• Lifespan ranges from 25 to 150 years
• Height potential reaches 40 to 60 feet
• Requires full sun exposure (6-8 hours daily)
• Multiple uses including privacy screens and windbreaks

Understanding Arborvitae and Its Origins

Arborvitae is a group of evergreen trees loved for their beauty and history. They are great for making privacy screens and hedges in North America.

The history of arborvitae starts in the big forests of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. French botanists brought this tree to Europe in 1536. This was a big moment in exploring plants.

Native Habitat and Natural Distribution

Arborvitae grow best in certain places. They are found in:

• Eastern Canadian provinces
• Northeastern United States
• Places with enough rain
• Areas with cool to moderate weather

Historical Significance and Uses

Native American cultures found many uses for arborvitae. Thuja occidentalis was especially important. It was used for:

1. Making canoes
2. Medical treatments
3. Building things
4. Creating tools

Common Varieties and Types

There are many arborvitae types for gardens and landscapes. Each has its own look for hedges and screens:

• Thuja occidentalis: Grows 50-60 feet tall
• Thuja plicata: Can grow up to 70 metres tall
• ‘Emerald Green’: A small variety with a 3-4 feet diameter
• ‘Green Giant’: Grows fast, reaching 50-60 feet

Knowing about these conifers helps you pick the best arborvitae for your garden.

Choosing the Perfect Location for Your Arborvitae

Finding the right spot for your arborvitae is key to a beautiful, easy-care garden. These plants need the right spot to grow well and stay healthy.

Knowing what arborvitae need helps you make a landscape that looks great and needs little care. Let’s look at the important things to think about when picking the best place for these evergreen shrubs.

Sunlight Requirements

Arborvitae love lots of sunlight. Most need 6-8 hours of direct sun each day to grow well. For example, the American Pillar Arborvitae does best in the sun.

Here are some sunlight tips:

• Plant in areas with full sun to partial shade
• Protect from intense afternoon heat in very hot climates
• Ensure at least 6 hours of direct sunlight

Spacing Considerations

Spacing is important for a strong, healthy arborvitae hedge. Different types need different spaces:

• American Pillar Arborvitae: Plant 3-4 feet apart
• Smaller varieties like Tater Tot®: Space 3-4 feet apart
• Larger varieties like Spring Grove®: Allow 10-12 feet between plants

Climate and Hardiness Zones

Picking the right arborvitae for your climate is important. These plants vary in how hardy they are:

• American arborvitae: Hardy in USDA Zones 3-8
• Western red cedar: Hardy in USDA Zones 5-8
• Recommended soil pH: Between 6.0 and 8.0

By picking the right spot and knowing these tips, you’ll have a beautiful, easy-to-care-for landscape. It will show off the beauty and strength of arborvitae.

Soil Requirements and Preparation

Creating the perfect soil environment is key for growing arborvitae. These plants thrive in the right soil conditions. The right soil can greatly impact your plant’s health and growth.

Arborvitae need specific soil to grow well. The ideal soil is:

• Moist but well-drained
• Neutral to alkaline pH level (between 6.8 and 7.5)
• Rich in organic matter

To prepare the soil for your plants, follow these steps:

1. Test your soil’s pH and drainage
2. Amend heavy clay soils with organic compost
3. Ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot

Pro tip: Add a 2-inch layer of mulch around your arborvitae. It helps keep moisture in and soil temperature steady. This supports their growth by keeping soil conditions consistent.

“The secret to successful arborvitae growth lies beneath the surface – in the soil’s quality and preparation.” – Landscape Gardening Expert

Planting Techniques for Success

Planting evergreen trees like thuja needs careful planning. The right steps help your arborvitae grow strong roots and thrive. It’s key for their long-term health and beauty.

Best Time to Plant

Timing is crucial for planting thuja. The best seasons are fall and early spring. These times are perfect for root growth:

• Fall planting lets roots grow before winter
• Spring planting helps shrubs adjust before summer
• Don’t plant in extreme temperatures

Step-by-Step Planting Guide

Here are the key steps for planting arborvitae:

1. Choose a spot with 6 hours of sunlight
2. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball
3. Make sure the soil drains well
4. Remove burlap or container carefully
5. Gently loosen roots to spread
6. Plant at the same depth as before

Initial Care After Planting

Your new thuja needs extra care in the first weeks. Water deeply and often, about one inch a week. Create a small soil ridge around the base to help retain moisture. Mulch around the base, but keep it away from the trunk to avoid root rot.

With the right planting, your evergreen trees will grow fast. They’ll add beauty to your landscape for many years.

Essential Watering Guidelines

Watering ornamental shrubs like arborvitae is key to their health. These conifers need specific amounts of water at different stages. Knowing how to water them right can greatly improve their health.

When you first plant an arborvitae, it needs lots of water. Here’s how often to water it:

• First month: Water every 2-3 days to establish roots
• First year: Water about 1 inch every week
• After it’s established: Water every 2-3 weeks

The weather affects how often you need to water. In hot, dry weather, water once a week. In cooler, wetter areas, water every 3-4 weeks.

It’s important to know when the soil is just right. Here are ways to check:

• Finger Test: Stick your finger 2 inches into the soil. If it’s dry, it’s time to water
• Soil Moisture Meter: Look for a reading between 3 and 4
• Visual Inspection: Check if the soil is pulling away or cracking

Watch for signs that your watering is off. Too much water can make leaves turn yellow and roots mushy. Too little water can cause leaves to turn brown and growth to slow.

Seasons change watering needs. Water more in spring when they grow new leaves. Water less in fall. In winter, water only when needed and check the soil first.

Fertilization and Nutrition Management

Caring for hedges and privacy screens means knowing their nutritional needs. Arborvitae trees are easy to care for and don’t need much fertilizer. Knowing when and how to give them nutrients helps them stay healthy and grow well.

Types of Fertilizers

Choose a balanced, slow-release fertilizer made for evergreen trees. Look for an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 12-4-8. These types give the right nutrients without harming the roots.

• Granular fertilizers
• Liquid feed options
• Organic compost amendments

Application Schedule

When to fertilize is key. Do it in early spring when new growth starts. Don’t fertilize too late in the season, as it can harm the new growth.

Signs of Nutrient Deficiency

Look out for these signs that your hedges might need more nutrients:

• Yellowing leaves suggest a lack of nitrogen
• Stunted growth
• Pale or discolored leaves
• Less vigor in new branch growth

Always test your soil before fertilizing. This makes sure you’re giving your arborvitae privacy screens what they need.

Pruning and Maintenance

Keeping your arborvitae in top shape is key for a beautiful, easy-to-care-for garden. These plants are great at keeping deer away. Pruning them right is important for their health and look. The best time to prune is in late winter to early spring, when they’re still asleep and ready to grow.

Here are some important tips for pruning:

• Don’t cut off more than one-third of the leaves at once
• Use sharp, clean tools to avoid spreading diseases
• Get rid of dead, broken, or tangled branches
• Trim a little to keep the shape and promote thick growth

There are several steps to keep your arborvitae healthy:

Arborvitae are a great choice for gardens that keep deer away. Light pruning keeps them looking good and deer-resistant. Remember, different types like North Pole® and Emerald Green might need different care, so check your specific variety.

By using these pruning and care tips, you’ll have a beautiful, easy-to-care-for garden all year.

Common Pests and Disease Management

Your cold-hardy plants, like arborvitae, are usually tough. But, they can still face pest problems. Knowing what pests to watch out for is key to keeping your garden safe.

Bagworms are a big worry for arborvitae owners. These small caterpillars can lay up to 300 eggs in their bags. This can really harm your plants. The best way to stop them is to remove the egg bags by hand.

Spider mites are another pest to watch for. They can harm your plants, especially when it’s dry. Look for yellow or brown leaves to spot mites. To fight them, use insecticidal soaps or strong water sprays.

Preventing pests is the best way to protect your plants. Make sure they have enough space and water. Also, check your plants often. Healthy plants can fight off pests better. By being proactive, you can keep your arborvitae looking great all year.

FAQ

What are the best varieties of arborvitae for privacy screens?

The Green Giant Arborvitae is great for tall screens, growing up to 30-40 feet. The Emerald Green Arborvitae is better for smaller spaces. Both are known for their dense foliage and ability to block views.

How quickly do arborvitae grow?

Arborvitae can grow 1-3 feet a year, depending on the type. Green Giant Arborvitae grows the fastest. Soil quality, sunlight, and water also affect their growth.

Are arborvitae deer-resistant?

Arborvitae are often deer-resistant, but deer may eat them in harsh winters or when food is scarce. Using deer repellents can help protect them.

How far apart should I plant arborvitae for a hedge?

Plant Emerald Green Arborvitae 3-4 feet apart for a dense screen. Green Giant Arborvitae can be 5-6 feet apart. Consider the mature width of the variety.

Can arborvitae survive in cold climates?

Yes, arborvitae can handle cold temperatures in USDA zones 3-7. Some varieties, like Eastern White Cedar, can even survive -40°F. They’re great for northern areas.

How often should I water my newly planted arborvitae?

Water new arborvitae 2-3 times a week in the first year. Keep the soil moist but not soggy. Water more often in hot or dry weather. After the first year, water once a week in dry spells.

What are common pest problems for arborvitae?

Bagworms, spider mites, and scale insects are common pests. Look for brown patches, webbing, or insects on branches. Use insecticidal soap or pesticides to treat them.

Do arborvitae need full sun?

Arborvitae like full sun to partial shade. They need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Some afternoon shade can prevent stress in hot climates.

How do I prevent browning in my arborvitae?

Browning can be caused by winter burn, drought, or root damage. Water properly, protect from harsh winds, and use mulch. Avoid damaging roots and branches.

When is the best time to plant arborvitae?

Plant in early fall or early spring. These times have moderate temperatures and enough moisture. Avoid planting in the hottest summer or freezing winter.

Source Links

• How to Plant, Grow, and Care For Arborvitae – https://www.epicgardening.com/arborvitae/
• Arborvitae: Ultimate Care And Growing Guide – https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/arborvitae/growing-arborvitae-trees.htm
• Thuja plicata – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuja_plicata
• The Mighty Arborvitae – https://extension.psu.edu/the-mighty-arborvitae
• Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Biological Activity – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7699608/